Discuss the interdependences among the three processes. What spatial planning instruments may help address the coordination challenge?

Coordinating employment, housing and infrastructure development

Coordinating employment, housing and infrastructure development – which one comes first? You may also consider the following aspects:

Despite the land-use and transport interaction (circular causality; Wegener, M. (1998)) framework, why the coordination remains difficult in practice?

Discuss the interdependences among the three processes.

What spatial planning instruments may help address the coordination challenge?

How may a more regulatory or liberal planning regime affect the coordination?