Find a 95% confidence interval for the true mean height of all the people at your place of work. What is the interval? [see screenshot below]

Lab 7

What are some faults with this type of data collection? What other types of data collection could you have used, and how might this have affected your study?

Give a point estimate (mean) for the average height of all people at the place where you work. Start by putting the 20 heights you are working with into the blue Data column of the spreadsheet. What is your point estimate, and what does this mean?

Find a 95% confidence interval for the true mean height of all the people at your place of work. What is the interval? [see screenshot below]

Give a practical interpretation of the interval you found in part b, and explain carefully what the output means. (For example, you might say, “I am 95% confident that the true mean height of all of the people in my company is between 64 inches and 68 inches”).

How large of a sample is required in order to be 90% sure that the sample proportion is off by no more than 2%? Does a parent’s education level have anything to do with their involvement at their child’s school?

How large of a sample is required in order to be 90% sure that the sample proportion is off by no more than 2%?

Does a parent’s education level have anything to do with their involvement at their child’s school?

At the 0.01 level of significance, test the claim that educational attainment and volunteering at school are independent.

The president of a college wants to determine the mean number of units that college students take per semester. How large of a sample is required in order to be 99% sure that a sample mean will be off by no more than 1.25 units? An initial study suggested that the standard deviation is approximately 2.1 units.

Test the claim that the mean time required for high school students to run 1 mile is greater than 7 minutes at the 0.05 level of significance. Here are the results of a random sample of
25 students.
7.3 7.7 9.2 8.8 7.6 7.2 6.6 6.4 8.0
7.5 7.5 7.7 8.1 8.6 6.8 6.9 7.5
7.3 7.8 8.2 10.4 11.6 7.2 7.7 7.0

A sample of 200 smokers were asked at what age they started smoking. The meanage was 18.3 years. The population standard deviation is 4.35 years. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the mean age that all smokers begin smoking.

A random sample of 400 Spanish adults revealed that 143 were smokers. A random sampleof 300 American adults revealed that 70 were smokers. At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the proportion of Spanish adults that smoke is greater than the proportion of American adults that smoke.

To test the claim that the mean blood glucose level of women is 100 mg/dL, a researcher takes a random sample of 135 women. They had a mean blood glucose level of 108.3 mg/dL.

(The population standard deviation is 3.4 mg/dL). Test the claim at the 0.05 level of significance.

A random sample of 50 bags of blue corn tortilla chips had a mean weight of 9.06 ounces, with a standard deviation of 0.05 ounces. A random sample of 50 jalapeno tortilla chips had a mean weight of 9.01 ounces, with a standard deviation of 0.03 ounces. At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the mean fill of blue corn tortilla chip bags is the same as the mean fill of jalapeno tortilla chips.

A group of 9 concertgoers was selected at random. Before the concert they were given a hearing test, and then given another one after the concert. (The volume varied during the test, and the subject also had to state which ear the sound was in.) Here are the number of correctly identified sounds out of 10, both before and after the concert.
Person A B C D E F G H I
Before 9 10 9 8 8 9 9 9 8
After 8 8 9 6 6 7 10 8 5

At the 0.05 level of significance, test a person’s hearing is worse after being affected by the noise of a concert.

Construct a 90% confidence interval for the mean highway mileage for hybrid cars. A random sample of 8 hybrid cars had the following highway mileages in mpg.
36 41 37 45 50 40 32 39

Hole selections for professional golf courses are changed each day of a PGA tournament. Are any of the days set up to be more difficult or easier? Here are the scores of 7 golfers on the four days of a tournament.
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4
63 65 68 65
66 67 68 67
66 67 70 67
70 65 66 69
67 68 69 67
68 67 70 67
68 67 67 70
At the 0.01 level of significance, test the claim that the mean scores produced by the four different rounds are equal.

In a survey of 500 women, 120 said that Valentine’s Day was their favorite occasion to receive flowers. Construct an 88% confidence interval for the proportion of all women who feel that Valentine’s Day is their favorite occasion to receive flowers

What’s the trade-off between certainty and confidence intervals?With a sample of 35 observations, what degrees of freedom would we have?

Answer the Following questions

Researchers often choose to reject the null hypothesis when there is less than a 5% likelihood of observing a given pattern in the data if the null hypothesis is true. They select 5% because
It’s a rule handed down by Isaac Newton
It’s the established scientific norm
It’s the absolute best way of establishing the truth

What’s the trade-off between certainty and confidence intervals?
If you want to be more certain of your estimate, your confidence interval will be smaller

If you want to be more certain of your estimate, there must not be a confidence interval

If you want to be more certain of your estimate, your confidence interval will be larger

Which of these polls might suffer from selection bias?
A survey of Rutgers students that randomly selects students from the Dean’s registry of all students

A survey of Rutgers Sociology students that randomly selects students enrolled in a Sociology course this year

A survey of Rutgers students that randomly selects fans attending a Rutgers football game.When your sample is below ____ observations, you should check closely for outliers.
a. 15
b. 30
c. 45
d. 100

The t-distribution, relative to the normal distribution, has tails that are:
a. fatter
b. narrower
c. cooler

The degrees of freedom in the t-distribution determines
a. the total probability under the curve
b. the size of your sample
c. the contours of the bell shape

With a sample of 35 observations, what degrees of freedom would we have?

As the degrees of freedom increase, the t-distribution…
a. becomes indistinguishable from the normal distribution
b. gets wider
c. stops working

If your sample size is 10 and you want to calculate a 90% confidence interval, what is your critical t-value?

If your sample size is 20 and you want to calculate a 95% confidence interval, what is your critical t-value?

If your sample size is 30 and you want to calculate a 99% confidence interval, what is your critical t-value?

The average height of 507 adults is 171.1 cm with a standard deviation of 9.4 cm. What is the standard error?

If you wanted to create a 95% confidence interval for the mean from the previous question, what would the critical t-value be?

How large a sample do you need to take to ensure that you can estimate, with 90% confidence, the proportion of people preferring Coke to within 5% of the actual value? Show all of your work.

Confidence Intervals

Using Excel or StatTools, complete the following Problem.

Problem – You have been assigned to determine whether more people prefer Coke or Pepsi. Assume that roughly half the population prefers Coke and half prefers Pepsi. How large a sample do you need to take to ensure that you can estimate, with 90% confidence, the proportion of people preferring Coke to within 5% of the actual value? Show all of your work.